Dark Matters
Dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic force. This means that it is extremely difficult to detect because it does not absorb, reflect or emit light. In fact, researchers have been able to predict the existence of dark matter only by the apparent gravitational influence it has on the visible material. Dark matter is about 27% of the universe, and visible matter is roughly more than six to one. Here's an important point: The fact that all the stars and galaxies we know make up only 5% of the universe's content! But what is dark matter? One idea is that the "supersymmetric particles" - the standard model - may contain hypothetical particles that are already known partners. Experiments with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can provide more direct clues to dark matter.
Many theories say that dark matter particles are light enough to be produced in LHC. If they were created in LHC, they would inadvertently escape through the detectors. However, they carry energy and momentum, so physicists can predict their existence by the amount of energy and momentum that "missing" after a collision. Candidates for dark matter often arise in theories proposed by physics beyond the standard model, such as high symmetry and additional dimensions. One theory suggests that the "Hidden Valley" is a parallel world made up of dark matter that has little in common with the matter we know. If one of these theories proves to be true, it will help scientists gain a better understanding of the composition of our universe and, in particular, how galaxies coexist.
Dark energy
Dark energy makes up approximately 68% of the universe and appears to be associated with the vacuum in space. It is distributed evenly throughout the universe, not only in space but also in time – in other words, its effect is not diluted as the universe expands. The even distribution means that dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects, but rather a global effect on the universe as a whole. This leads to a repulsive force, which tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe. The rate of expansion and its acceleration can be measured by observations based on the Hubble law. These measurements, together with other scientific data, have confirmed the existence of dark energy and provide an estimate of just how much of this mysterious substance exists.
Source: Space